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In recent years, anthropogenic activities and climate change have significantly increased exposure of plants to environmental stresses (single or multiple) and pollutants, with negative consequences for the survival and productivity of vegetation. Plants may activate an armament of defenses against stresses. Isoprene, the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emitted by plants, is supposed to have a direct or indirect antioxidant role by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by reprogramming gene expression for antioxidant activation. On the other hand, isoprene is involved in the chemistry of troposphere, further contributing to a build up of pollutants when mixing with anthropogenic gases. In this review, we summarize present knowledge on the impact of air and soil pollutants on isoprene emission by plants, indicating possible feedback and feedforward mechanisms that may affect whole ecosystem functioning and evolution of plant species.